![Bushnell Yardage Pro Software Problems Bushnell Yardage Pro Software Problems](http://bushnell.com/getmedia/d01225eb-84c1-4ce9-8f69-3d14184e1192/202205_ds.png?width=640&height=640&ext=.png)
Tree height measurement - Wikipedia. This article outlines the basic procedures for measuring trees for scientific and champion tree purposes. It does not cover timber assessment for production purposes, which is focused on marketable wood volumes rather than overall tree size. Tree height is the vertical distance between the base of the tree and the tip of the highest branch on the tree, and is difficult to measure accurately.
It is not the same as the length of the trunk. If a tree is leaning, the trunk length may be greater than the height of the tree. The base of the tree is where the projection of the pith (center) of the tree intersects the existing supporting surface upon which the tree is growing or where the acorn sprouted. Roots extending down from that point would not add to the height of the tree. On a slope this base point is considered as halfway between the ground level at the upper and lower sides of the tree.
Bushnell Trade In Program - Trade In Your Current Golf Laser Rangefinder, GPS or Old Golf Clubs & Get the Bushnell Golf Device You Deserve. Retrevo has links to download PDF manuals for more than 178 Bushnell products. Here are quick links to some popular Bushnell models for Binocular, Digital Camera, GPS. OVERALL RATING: 78. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.
Tree height can be measured in a number of ways with varying degrees of accuracy. Tree height is one of the parameters commonly measured as part of various champion tree programs and documentation efforts. Other commonly used parameters, outlined in Tree measurement include height, girth, crown spread, and volume. Additional details on the methodology of tree girth measurement, tree crown measurement, and tree volume measurement are presented in the links herein. American Forests, for example, uses a formula to calculate Big Tree Points as part of their Big Tree Program. The tree whose point total is the highest for that species is crowned as the champion in their registry.
The other parameter commonly measured, in addition to the species and location information, is wood volume. A general outline of tree measurements is provided in the article Tree Measurement with more detailed instructions in taking these basic measurements is provided in . In September 2. 01. In the northeastern United States, for example, there are frequent stories published in newspapers and magazines dating from the 1.
Pinus strobus). Hawks, of Charlemont, cut a Pine tree a short time since, of the following dimensions. It was 7 feet . Twenty- two logs were taken from the tree, the average length of which were 1. Fourteen feet . The extreme length of the tree from the stump to the top twigs was 3. The top of the tree was lost in Hurricane Opal in 1.
These reported heights are likely just a mixture of personal and commercial bravado by the lumbermen of the time. Approximate tree heights. To get accurate measurements with either method, care must be taken. First try to view the tree from several different angles to see where the actual top of the tree is located.
Use that point for the measurements. This will eliminate the greatest potential for error. Stick method. There are three primary variations of the stick method. The base of the stick should still be aligned with the base of the tree.
If you have an assistant, have them walk away from the base of the tree at a right angle to your position until they reach the spot on the ground that aligns with the top of the stick. If alone pick a distinctive point on the ground to mark this point. The distance from the base of the tree to this point is equal to the height of the tree. Walk backward away from the tree. Stop when the stick above your hand exactly masks the tree.
Measure the straight- line distance from your eye to the base of the tree. Record that measurement as the tree’s height to the closest foot.
This method does not require that the length of the measuring stick be the same as the distance from your bottom hand to your eye, so it can be used in more varied settings to get a height measurement: 1) holding the stick as outlined above, align both the base of the tree with the top of your hand holding the stick and the top of the tree with the top of the stick. You can do this by moving toward or away from the tree, adjusting the stick length, and by moving your arm up and down; 2) once aligned, measure the distance from the top of your hand grasping the base of the stick to your eye; 3) measure the distance from the top of your hand to the top of the stick; 4) measure the distance from your eye to the base of the tree.
So long as the yardstick is held straight up and down and the top of the tree is vertically over the base, the various measurements are still proportional and then you can calculate the height of the tree using a simple formula: (length of stick x distance to the tree) / (distance to eye) = tree height. Using this formula the height of the tree can be calculated no matter what angle you are holding your arm, and no matter what the length of the yardstick that extends above your hand. This has a big advantage if you are measuring a tree on uneven ground or if you can only measure the tree from a single angle.
One problem that also often occurs is in order to see the top of the tree; the surveyor must be farther away from the tree than possible using a yardstick length of 2. Using the simple formula above a smaller length of stick can be used allowing the surveyor to actually see the top of the tree. If this assumption is violated, the triangles will not be similar and the ratio and proportion relationship of the sides of similar triangles will not apply. Clinometer and tape method. The user can sight to the top of a tree using such a clinometer and read the angle to the top using a scale in the instrument. Topographic Abney levels are calibrated so when read at a distance of 6. Many clinometers and Abney levels have a percent- grade scale that gives 1.
This scale gives the tree height in feet directly when measured at a distance of 1. In general, the clinometer is used to measure the angle .
The height above eye level is then calculated by using the tangent function: horizontal distance at eye level to the tree x tangent . If the base of the tree is below eye level, then the height of the tree below eye level is added to the height above eye level.
If the base of the tree is above eye level, then the height of the base of the tree above eye level is subtracted from the height of the treetop above eye level. It may be difficult to directly measure the horizontal distance at eye level if that distance is high off the ground or if the base of the tree is above eye level. In these cases the distance to the base of the tree can be measured using the tape along the slope from eye level to the base of the tree and noting the slope angle . In this case the height of the base of the tree above or below eye level is equal to the (sin . With the stick method if the stick is not held vertically, the similar triangle will be malformed.
This potential error can be offset by fastening a string with a small, suspended weight to the top of the stick so that the stick can be aligned with the weighted string to assure it is being held vertically. A more pernicious error occurs in both methods where 1) the treetop is offset from the base of the tree, or 2) where the top of the tree has been misidentified. Except for young, plantation- grown conifers, the top of the tree is rarely directly over the base; therefore a right triangle used as the basis for the height calculation isn’t truly being formed. An analysis of data collected by the Native Tree Society (NTS), of over 1.
The top of the tree therefore has a different baseline length than the bottom of the tree resulting in height errors: (top to bottom offset distance x tan . For example, if measuring a tree at an angle of 6. This type of error will be present in all of the readings using the tangent method, except in the cases where the highest point of the tree actually is located directly above the base of the tree, and except in this unusual case, the result is not repeatable as a different height reading would be obtained depending on the direction and position from which the measurement was taken.